The team’s prototype is based on the principles of quantum mechanics and, according to the researchers, has the potential to avoid the vulnerabilities of current communications.
Dr Cosmo Lupo, from the University of York's Department of Computer Science, said: "Quantum mechanics has come a long way, but we are still faced with significant problems that have to be overcome with further experimentation.
"One such problem is that a hacker can attack the electronic devices used for information transmission by jamming the detectors that are used to collect and measure the photons that carries information.
"Such an attack is powerful because we assume that a given device works according to its technical specifications and will therefore, perform its job. If a hacker is able to attack a detector and change the way it works, then the security is unavoidably compromised.
"The principles of quantum mechanics, however, allows for communication security even without making assumptions on how the electronic devices will work. By removing these assumptions, we pay the price of lowering the communication rate, but gain in improving the security standard."
Instead of relying on possibly compromised electronic components at the point at which information needs to be detected and read, the researchers found that if the untrusted detectors existed at a separate point in the communications - somewhere between the sender and receiver - the communication was far more secure.
The detector is designed to receive a combination of two signals, one from the sender and one from the receiver, and would only be able to read the result of this combined signal but not its component parts.
Dr Lupo added: "In our work, not only have we provided a first rigorous mathematical proof that this 'detector- independent' design works, but we have also considered a scheme that is compatible with existing optical fibre communication networks.
"In principle, our proposal can allow for the exchange of unbreakable codes across the internet without major changes in the actual infrastructure.
"We are still at prototype stage, but by finding ways to reduce the cost of these systems, we are that much closer to making quantum communications a reality."
