The first application is in cancer detection in the tissue section and the second is the identification and discrimination of microorganisms, such as bacteria.
Their results have been resented in two papers at the Photonics West 2021 Digital Forum. The label-free technology could also be used to eliminate sample preparation in a reliable and user-friendly device that could be used to automate diagnostics.
This new imaging tool makes it possible to quickly, and simultaneously, obtain morphological and biochemical information from a sample.
In a paper t“Mid Infrared Multispectral Imaging for Tumor Tissue Detection”, the team of scientists reported that an imaging device could be developed to detect cancer more accurately and faster than the widely used tumor-biopsy procedure, which requires human assessment to confirm the existence of disease.
The paper reported that by analysing images from mice tissue using amide and DNA absorption bands, the team “achieved up to 94 percent of successful predictions of cancer cells with a population of 325 pixels corresponding to muscle tissues and 325 pixels corresponding to cancer tissues."
According to the paper, this work may lead to the development of an imaging device that could be used in hospital for cancer diagnosis.
“Employing recent developments in photonics components, which allow using infrared light to detect abnormal tissues, mid-IR imaging can provide unequivocal information about the biochemical composition of human cells,” said Grégoire Mathieu, lead author of the first paper. “The combination of a set of lasers and lens-less imaging with an uncooled bolometer matrix allows biochemical mapping over a wide field of view. The project showed that this experiment’s setup coupled to machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Neural Networks, K-means) can help to classify the biological cells in a fast and reproducible way.”
The second technique is an optical-based, Petri-dish analysis using lens-less multispectral mid-infrared imaging. Described in a paper titled “Multispectral Lens-less Imaging in the Mid-Infrared for Label-Free Identification of Staphylococcus Species”, the technique relies on the acquisition of images at eight wavelengths corresponding to relevant chemical functions. It provides both morphological and discrete spectral data, which discriminates between even closely related species.
For this proof of concept, a database containing 2,253 colonies belonging to eight different species and three strains of S. epidermidis was acquired. The optical setup and machine-learning analysis allowed classifying all species with a correct identification rate (CIR) of at least 91 percent.
The early-stage technology used in both studies was enabled in part by recent improvements in photonics components at CEA-Leti. The next steps are to perform a dedicated prototype with the relevant wavelengths and to demonstrate the performance of the system with real-life samples, such as human biopsies, and to create larger databases for each application. In addition, a start up is currently in incubation.
