Stretchable electronics to simplify heart surgery?

The device marks the first time stretchable electronics have been applied to a surgical process known as cardiac ablation, a surgical technique that corrects heart rhythm irregularities by destroying specific heart tissue that triggers irregular heartbeats. The procedure is typically performed either with open heart surgery or by inserting a series of long, flexible catheters through a vein in the patient's groin and into his heart. Currently this catheter method requires the use of three different devices, which are inserted into the heart in succession: one to map the heart's signals and detect the problem area, a second to control positions of therapeutic actuators and their contact with the epicardium, and a third to burn the tissue away. "Our catheter replaces all three devices previously needed for cardiac ablation therapy, making the surgery faster, simpler, and with a lower risk of complication," said Yonggang Huang, Joseph Cummings Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at McCormick. Central to the design is a section of catheter that is printed with a thin layer of stretchable electronics. The catheter's exterior protects the electronics during its transition through the bloodstream; once inside the heart, the catheter is inflated like a balloon, exposing the electronics to a larger surface area inside the heart. With the catheter in place, the individual devices within can perform their specific tasks. A pressure sensor determines the pressure on the heart; an EKG sensor monitors the heart's condition during the procedure; and a temperature sensor controls the temperature so as not to damage surrounding tissue. The temperature can also be controlled during the procedure without removing the catheter. The device is designed to deliver critical, high quality information - such as temperature, mechanical force, and blood flow - to the surgeon in real time. The research was carried out in connection with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and animal tests were conducted at University of Arizona.